城建环保部


中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部关于外国人私有房屋管理的若干规定(附英文)

1984年8月25日，城建环保部

规定
为加强对外国人在中国境内私有房屋的管理，保护房屋所有人的合法权益，根据有关法规，对若干问题作如下规定：
一、对外国人在中国境内的个人所有、数人共有的自用或出租的住宅和非住宅用房（以下简称外国人私有房屋）的管理，应当遵守《城市私有房屋管理条例》的规定。
二、外国人私有房屋的所有人，须到房屋所在地人民政府房地产管理机关（以下简称房管机关）办理房屋所有权登记手续，经审查核实后，领取房屋所有权证；房屋所有权转移、房屋现状变更或所有人国籍变更时，须到房屋所在地房管机关办理所有权转移或变更登记手续。
三、办理外国人私有房屋所有权登记或转移、变更登记手续时，须提交国籍、职业证明和下列证件：
（一）新建、翻建和扩建的房屋，须提交房屋所在地规划管理部门批准的建设许可证和建筑图纸；
（二）购买的房屋，须提交原房屋所有权证、买卖合同和契证；
（三）受赠的房屋，须提交原房屋所有权证、赠与书或遗赠证件和契证；
（四）交换的房屋，须提交双方的房屋所有权证、双方签订的协议书和契证；
（五）继承的房屋，须提交原房屋所有权证、遗产继承证件和契证；
（六）分家析产、分割的房屋，须提交原房屋所有权证、分家析产单或分割单和契证；
（七）获准拆除的房屋，须提交原房屋所有权证和批准拆除证件。
证件不全或房屋所有权不清楚的，暂缓登记，待条件成熟后办理。
四、外国人私有房屋出租或出借，其租赁合同或出借凭证，应当送交房屋所在地房管机关备案。
五、外国人私有房屋所有人不能亲自办理房屋所有权登记或转移、变更登记手续时，可以委托代理人或中国律师代为办理，委托代理应由本人出具委托书。
外国人私有房屋所有人因不在房屋所在地或其他原因不能管理其房屋时，可以在房屋所在地委托代理人代为管理。委托代管应由本人出具委托书。
六、办理房屋所有权登记或转移、变更登记和委托手续的证件、文书，须经公证。在外国办理的公证文书，须经该国外交部或其委托的机构和中国驻该国大使馆、领事馆认证。
办理房屋所有权登记或转移、变更登记和委托手续的证件、文书，必须是正本。如果证件、文书是用外国文字书写的，须同时附交经公证和认证的中文译本。
七、本规定不适用于中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业和外资企业所有的房屋。
八、本规定自发布之日起施行。

PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRIVATE HOUSES OWNEDBY FOREIGNERS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRIVATE HOUSES OWNED
BY FOREIGNERS
(Approved by the State Council on August 2, 1984 and promulgated
by the Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental
Protection on August 25, 1984)
In order to strengthen the administration of private houses owned by
foreigners within the territory of China, and to protect the lawful rights
and interests of their owners, the following provisions are formulated in
accordance with the relevant laws and regulations:
1. The administration of the residential houses and nonresidential houses
owned by foreign individuals or by a group of foreigners jointly within
the territory of China and for their own use or for renting out
(hereinafter referred to as foreigners' private houses), shall comply with
the provisions in the Regulations on the Administration of Private Houses
in Urban Areas.
2. The owners of foreigners' private houses must go through the
registration procedures for the proprietary rights of houses at the
administrative departments for real estate under the people's governments
in the localities where the aforesaid houses are located (hereinafter
referred to as the administrative department for real estate), and after
the examination and verification, obtain a house owner's certificate; in
the event that the ownership of a house is to be transferred, the present
state of the houses is to be changed, or the owner's nationality has been
changed, the house owner must go through the registration procedures for
the transfer of the ownership, or for other changes, at the administrative
department for real estate in the place where the said house is located.
3. In going through the procedures for the registration of the ownership
of foreigners' private houses, of the transfer or changes, the owners of
the houses shall present certificates of nationality and occupation, as
well as the following certifying papers:
(1) with respect to newly-built, rebuilt, or expanded houses, the
construction licences approved by the planning and administrative
departments in the localities, and also the building blueprints;
(2) with respect to newly-bought houses, the original certificates of
title, the contracts for house transaction, and the title deeds of the
houses must be submitted;
(3) with respect to houses accepted as gifts, the original certificates of
title, the deeds of gift or deeds of demised house, and the title deeds of
the houses must be submitted;
(4) with respect to houses exchanged, the certificates of title of both
parties, the agreements signed by both parties, and the title deeds of the
houses must be submitted;
(5) with respect to inherited houses, the original certificates of title,
certifying documents for the inheritance, and the deeds of houses must be
submitted;
(6) with respect to houses allotted from one's family properties, the
original certificates of title, lists of the said allotment, and the deeds
of the houses must be submitted;
(7) with respect to houses the demolition of which, has been approved, the
original certificates of title, and the permission of demolition of the
houses must be submitted. If the aforesaid certifying documents are
incomplete or the ownership of the houses in question is uncertain, the
registration procedures shall be postponed until conditions are ripe for
registration.
4. When foreigners' private houses are rented or lent out, the relevant
lease contracts and the lending documents shall be presented, for the
record, to the administrative departments for real estate in the places
where the said houses are located.
5. If the owners of foreigners' private houses are unable to go through,
personally, the registration procedures for the transfer of ownership or
for other changes of the said houses, they may appoint agents or Chinese
attorneys at law to handle the case; and the owners of the houses shall
personally vest their agents or attorneys with powers of attorney.
If the owners of foreigners' private houses are unable to manage affairs
concerning their houses because of their absence from the places where
their houses are located, or owing to other reasons, they may appoint
agents residing in the places where the said houses are located to manage
the houses for them. The owners of the houses shall personally vest their
agents or attorneys with powers of attorney.
6. The certifying documents and title deeds to be used for going through
the registration procedures for the ownership of houses or for the
transfer of ownership or other changes and the appointment of agents,
shall be notarized. The notarial documents prepared and signed in a
foreign country shall be verified and confirmed by the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of the said country, or by its authorized agencies, and by the
Chinese embassies or consulates in the said countries.
The certifying documents and title deeds to be used for going through the
registration procedures for the ownership of the houses or for the
transfer of ownership or for the other changes and the appointment of
agents, must be the original documents. If the certifying documents and
title deeds are prepared in foreign language, notarized and verified
translations in the Chinese language must be attached thereto.
7. These Provisions shall not apply to the houses owned by Chinese-foreign
equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign contractual ventures, and
foreign-capital enterprises.
8. These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


　　我国现行刑法修正案八施行相当长的一段时间以来,为人民法院打击犯罪和保障人权提供了全面的法律依据,同时,也为构建我国特色社会主要法律体系,推进我国社会法治作出了积极的贡献。但同时,我们不能不看到，伴随现代社会的不断发展与进步,成文法典固有的滞后性局限在我国现阶段表现得较为突出，严重阻碍了人民法院刑事司法活动的进一步开展。在此,笔者根据刑法“保障人权和打击犯罪并重”的原则,结合多年基层刑事审判经验,对现行刑法的修改提出若干建议,以便为立法或出台司法解释提供参考。

　　一、　飞车抢夺的入罪标准问题探讨

　　近年来，笔者所在单位受理的抢夺刑事案件居高不下，而以飞车抢夺的方式夺取他人财物的案件比例在不断上升，严重威胁到人民群众的生命、财产安全，给社会治安秩序的稳定带来了极大的影响，为顺应刑事打击需要，司法部门应当对现行飞车抢夺刑事案件入罪标准作出相应调整。

　　关于抢夺罪，我国刑法第二百六十七条明确规定：抢夺公私财物，数额较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。根据数据显示，在人民法院审理的抢夺案件中，相当一部分的行为人通过飞车抢夺的方式对被害人强拉硬拽、强夺豪取，非法占有他人财物，在抢夺过程中导致被害人跌倒甚至受伤，类似飞车抢夺的行为对被害人心理或生理上造成极大伤害，其社会危害性以及行为的恶劣程度丝毫不亚于扒窃、入户盗窃等行为。在入罪标准方面，《最高人民法院关于审理抢夺刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第一条规定，抢夺公私财物价值人民币五百元至二千元以上的，为“数额较大”，即飞车抢夺需要夺取他人钱财价值人民币五百元以上才构成犯罪，否则不以犯罪论处。从《最高人民法院关于审理抢夺刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第二条的规定可以看出，飞车抢夺只是作为一个从重处罚的量刑情节予以考虑。而自刑法修正案八将扒窃、入户盗窃纳入盗窃的范围，且对扒窃、入户盗窃入罪并没有设置相应的入罪起点，而对于抢夺罪，当然包括飞车抢夺与扒窃的社会危害性以及犯罪后果、犯罪手段恶劣性角度相比，笔者认为前者有之过而无不及，导致飞车抢夺的入刑标准与罪刑相适应原则不符，因此，笔者建议，参照将扒窃入罪的做法，将飞车抢夺作为抢夺罪的一种情形纳入抢夺的定罪标准，以逐渐满足日益增多的飞车抢夺现象的打击需求，不断加大侵财案件打击力度，充分保障公私财产不受不法侵害。

　　二、　容留卖淫罪的量刑问题探讨

　　我国刑法第三百五十九条第一款规定：“引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。”《最高人民法院和最高人民检察院作出的《关于执行＜全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严禁卖淫嫖娼的决定＞的若干问题的解答》第七条规定，“引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫，情节严重的，一般有以下几种情形（一）多次引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫的······，而根据其第九条第（二）项规定，对“多人”应该是这样理解：‘多人’和‘多次’的‘多’，是指‘三人’以上的数（含本数）”。

　　因此，按照《最高人民法院和最高人民检察院作出的《关于执行＜全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严禁卖淫嫖娼的决定＞的若干问题的解答》的规定，“引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫”三人或三次以上属情节严重，应处五年以上有期徒刑。现行刑法对于该条罪状制定了相对比较宽泛的量刑幅度，为司法实践中不同情节的具体量刑带来了困难，主要表现在如下两个方面：

　　（一）根据规定“引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫”三人或三次以上属“情节严重”，应处五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金，司法实践中，人数或次数，成为量刑时考虑的主要因素，审判人员按此标准比照量刑，量刑时弹性过大，标准难以统一。

　　（二）犯罪方式的不一致，导致社会危害程度、犯罪后果差别明显，在笔者所在法院审理的案件过程中，有的被告人是在泛化地带以开美容院、发廊等营业形式，容留他人卖淫，有的是在农村偏僻区域利用住房或租房容留他人卖淫，有的一次收费数十、上百元，有的一次收费二、三元，从这些角度来说，社会危害性和犯罪后果是有明显区别的。但由于“犯罪情节严重”包括“三人或三次以上”应判处“五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金”的硬性规定存在，审判人员很难将将类似情节纳入量刑范畴，将刑罚量化，最终导致裁判统一性无法实现。

　　为进一步适应社会法治发展，针对上述问题，笔者认为首先可以参照其他罪状从刑法条文入手，将该条罪状量刑分成逐渐递增的三个量刑档次，比如刑法第三百五十九条第一款规定修正为：“引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；情节特别严重的，处七年以上有期徒刑并处罚金” 。其次，笔者认为，对“情节严重”中的应做如下解释，多人或多次应当是“五人”或“五次”以上，以使罪与非罪的界限较为清晰，量刑较为合理和科学，并将作案手段、犯罪后果和社会影响，是否作为主要经济来源等作为量刑的法定情节。最后，笔者认为，刑事司法要认真领会刑罚谦抑性，严格贯彻罪刑均衡原则，使得刑法第十三条“犯罪情节轻微，危害不大的，不构成犯罪”的规定得到全面贯彻，综合考虑社会危害性和行为后果，明确“引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫”中属于治安处罚范畴的行为，防止刑罚滥用。

　　（作者单位：广西平南县人民法院）